Английские разговорные идиомы с трактовкой и синонимами
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Идиомы с трактовкой и синонимами |
Перевод |
Пример |
| after all - despite, nevertheless | все-таки | I knew it! After all, I was right! |
| all along - all the time | все время, всегда | I knew about his little secret all along. |
| all ears - eager to listen | весь внимание | I am all ears. |
| all of a sudden - suddenly | неожиданно | All of a sudden, he refused to pay. |
| all the same - no difference | все равно, без разницы | If it's all the same to you, let's start at two. |
| all thumbs - clumsy | неуклюжий, неумелый | He can't fix anything, he's all thumbs. |
| apple of discord - subject of envy or quarrel | яблоко раздора | This question is an apple of discord in our family. |
| as a rule - usually | как правило | As a rule, we offer a 5% discount. |
| as far as I am concerned - in my opinion | что касается меня, по моему мнению | As far as I am concerned, both the book and the movie are good. |
| as for me/as to me - in my opinion | по моему мнению | As for me, you can rely on his support. |
| as well - also, too | тоже, также | He knows math, and physics as well. |
| at all - (not) in the smallest degree | совсем (не) | He doesn't know French at all. I don’t like it at all. |
| at random - without order | наугад, без плана | He chose those places at random. |
| at this point - at this time | на данном этапе | At this point, we can't turn back. |
| be about to - ready (to do) | готов сделать | I was about to leave when you called. |
| be after someone - insist, press | настаивать, чтобы сделал | His mother is always after him to study. |
| be all in - be extremely tired | очень устать | I'm all in, I'd better go to bed now. |
| be back on one's feet - healthy again or better financially | встать на ноги после трудного времени | He's back on his feet after a long period of debt and unemployment. |
| beat around the bush - avoid giving a clear/definite answer | ходить вокруг да около | Stop beating around the bush! Get to the point! |
| be beside oneself - be very upset, nervous, worried, etc. | быть вне себя от волнения, горя и др. | She was beside herself with worry / with grief. |
| be better off - be in a better situation (financially) | в лучшей ситуации (материально) | He'll be better off with a new job. |
| be broke - have no money at all | быть "на мели" (без денег) | I spent all my money, I'm broke. |
| be hard on something /someone - treat roughly | не беречь что-то | My son is hard on shoes, they don't last long with him. Life was pretty hard on Tom. |
| be high on one's list - be one of the most important things | быть в начале списка нужных вещей | A new car is high on my list of priorities. A new TV is not high on my list. |
| be in charge of - be responsible for | быть ответственным за | He is in charge of marketing. |
| be in the red - be in debt | быть убыточным | Our sales were in the red last year. |
| be into smth. - be interested in | увлекаться чем-то | He is into computers. She is into sports. |
| bend over backwards - try hard | очень стараться | I bent over backwards to help her. |
| be on one's way | Я уже еду. | I'm on my way. |
| be on the safe side - not to take any chances | на всякий случай | Take an extra key, just to be on the safe side. |
| be out of - be without | нет в наличии | We are out of bread, cheese, and sugar. |
| be out of shape - be physically unfit | быть не в форме | He needs to exercise, he is out of shape. |
| be out of sorts - in bad humor | не в духе | Leave him alone, he's out of sorts today |
| be pressed for time / money - be short of; not have enough | не хватать времени или денег | I'm pressed for time now. We are pressed for money at the moment. |
| beside the point - off the point | не по существу, не относится к делу | What I said to him privately is beside the point. |
| be to blame - be responsible for a mistake / something wrong | винить за ошибку, неправильные действия | Who is to blame for this awful mistake? Tom is to blame for this mix-up. |
| be touch and go - be uncertain of the result | на грани; неясно, куда повернется | He was very sick, and for some time it was touch and go, but he is better now. |
| be up against - be opposed by, have problems, be in danger | иметь серьезные проблемы в чем-то, с чем-то | Our company is up against serious attempts of hostile takeover. |
| be up and around/about - able to be out of bed after an illness | встать на ноги, поправиться | He was sick for a month, but now he is up and around. |
| be up to one's ears - very busy | по уши | I'm up to my ears in work. |
| be up to something - do mischief | задумать, затеять | I have to check what the kids are up to. |
| be up to someone - be one's own decision or responsibility | на ваше усмотрение, под вашу ответственность | It's up to you to decide. It's up to you to close the office every day at 8 o'clock. |
| be used to - be accustomed to | быть привычным к | I'm used to hard work. He's used to heat. |
| big shot - important person | важная персона | He is a big shot around here. |
| bite off more than one can chew - try to do more than one can | переоценить свои силы | I couldn't handle two jobs and family. I really bit off more than I could chew. |
| bite one's tongue - stop talking | прикусить язык | I almost told her, but bit my tongue. |
| bite the dust - die, be defeated | умереть, падать ниц | Many of them bit the dust in that war. |
| black sheep - a good-for-nothing member of the family | паршивая овца | Their second son is the black sheep of the family, he is good for nothing. |
| blind date - a meeting of a man and woman arranged by friends | свидание вслепую | She refuses to go on a blind date again because she had bad experience. |
| blow it - lose the chance | потерять шанс | He understood that he blew it. |
| blow over - pass, end | стихнуть, пройти | Wait here till his anger blows over. |
| bottom line - main result/factor | итог, основной момент | The bottom line is, I don't have enough money. |
| break into - enter by force | ворваться (в дом) силой | The police broke into the robber's house. |
| break one's heart - hurt deeply | разбить сердце | The news of her death broke his heart. |
| break the ice - overcome shyness in making the first step | сломать неловкость при знакомстве | The party was dull until someone broke the ice with a joke and we all laughed. |
| break the news - tell new facts | сообщить важную новость | CNN is breaking the news right now. |
| bring home the bacon - earn the living for the family | обеспечить семью | He works very hard at several places to bring home the bacon. |
| brush off - give no attention to | отмахнуться от | The boss brushed off my project again. |
| brush up on - review | освежить в памяти | You need to brush up on the tenses. |
| by all means -definitely, certainly | обязательно, конечно | Do you need my help? - By all means. |
| by heart - by memorizing | наизусть | Learn this poem by heart for tomorrow. |
| by hook or by crook - by any means possible | любым путем, любым способом | She will get what she wants by hook or by crook. |
| by the way - incidentally | кстати | By the way, Ann is coming back today. |
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| call a spade a spade - use plain, direct words | называть вещи своими именами | He always tells the truth and calls a spade a spade. |
| call it a day - consider work finished for the day | считать работу законченной | We've been working for 10 straight hours. Let's call it a day. |
| call off - cancel | отменить, отозвать | The police called off the search. |
| carry out - fulfill | доводить до конца | She never carries out her plans. |
| carry weight - be important | иметь вес | His advice always carries weight here. |
| cast down - depressed, sad | повергнуть в уныние | He was cast down by the bad news. |
| castles in the air - daydreaming about success | (строить) воздушные замки | Instead of working hard, he spends time building castles in the air. |
| catch one's eye - attract attention | привлечь внимание | This picture caught my eye. |
| catch one's breath - stop and rest | перевести дух | I can't run, I need to catch my breath. |
| catch someone off guard - catch someone unprepared | застать врасплох | He caught me off guard with his question. |
| catch someone red-handed - find smb. in the act of doing wrong | поймать за руку, когда делал плохое | The manager caught the boy red-handed when he was stealing cigarettes. |
| catch up - become not behind | догнать | He needs to catch up with the others. |
| close call - a narrow escape, a bad thing that almost happened | что-то плохое, что едва не случилось | The speeding car almost hit the man. That was really a close call. |
| come across - meet by chance | наткнуться на | I came across that article yesterday. |
| come down with - become ill | заболеть чем-то | I'm coming down with a cold. |
| come to one's senses - start acting reasonably, intelligently | взяться за ум, придти в себя | He finally came to his senses, started to work hard, and passed his exams. |
| come true - become reality | осуществиться | My dream came true when I met Pat. |
| come up with - suggest | предложить | Mike came up with a brilliant idea. |
| count on - depend on | рассчитывать на | You can always count on me for help. |
| cut corners - to take a short-cut; to limit one's spending | срезать углы; ограничить расходы | He ran fast, cutting corners where he could. I have to cut corners this week. |
| cut down on - reduce | сократить потребление | You have to cut down on chocolate. |
| cut out to be /cut out for it - have the ability to do something | быть созданным для какой-то работы | She isn't cut out to be a surgeon. He's cut out to be a leader. |
| do one's best - try very hard | сделать все, что смог | I did my best to help him in his work. |
| do one's bit - do what's needed | сделать положенное | I'll do my bit, you can count on me. |
| do over - do again | сделать заново | This work is not good, do it over. |
| do someone good - be good for | принести пользу | Fresh air and exercise will do you good. |
| do something behind one's back - do (harmful) things secretively | делать (вредные) дела за спиной | I hate people who do things behind my back. He did it behind my back again. |
| do without - live without | обходиться без | I'll have to do without a car for a while. |
| down to earth - practical | приземленный | He's quiet, sensible and down to earth. |
| draw the line - fix a limit | ограничить (предел) | He drew the line for her at $100 a day. |
| dress up - put on the best clothes | нарядиться | What are you dressed up for? |
| drop off - deliver somewhere | подвезти до, подбросить до | Can you drop me off at the bank? |
| drop out - quit (school) | быть отчисленным | He dropped out of school last year. |
| duty calls - must fulfill obligations | долг обязывает | He said, "Duty calls" and left for work. |
| easier said than done | легче сказать, чем сделать | It's easier said than done, but I'll try to do it. |
| eat one's words - take back words | брать назад слова | He had to eat his words after her report. |
| even so - nevertheless, but | тем не менее | I work hard. Even so, I like my job. |
| every now and then -occasionally | время от времени | Every now and then I visit my old aunt. |
| every other - every second one | через один | She washes her hair every other day. |
| fall behind - lag behind | отстать от | The little boy fell behind the older boys. |
| fall in love - begin to love | влюбиться | Tom fell in love with Sue at first sight. |
| fall out of love - stop loving | разлюбить | They fell out of love and divorced soon. |
| false alarm - untrue rumor | ложная тревога | I heard he quit but it was a false alarm. |
| a far cry from something - very different, almost opposite (neg.) | далеко не такой хороший, как | His second book wasn't bad, but it was a far cry from his first book. |
| feel it in one's bones - expect something bad to happen | чувствовать, что случится плохое | Something bad is going to happen, I feel it in my bones. |
| feel like doing something - want to do, be inclined to do smth. | быть склонным к занятию чем-то | I feel like going for a walk. I don’t feel like working now, I’m tired. |
| feel up to - be able to do | в состоянии сделать | I don't feel up to cleaning the house. |
| few and far between - rare, scarce | слишком редкие | Her visits are few and far between. |
| find fault with - criticize | критиковать | He always finds faults with everybody. |
| find out - learn or discover | узнать, обнаружить | I found out that Maria left town. |
| firsthand - directly from the source | из первых рук, достоверная информация | You can trust it, it's firsthand information. |
| first things first - important things come before others | сначала главное | First things first: how much money do we have to pay right away? |
| fly off the handle - get angry | разозлиться (вдруг) | He flew off the handle and yelled at me. |
| follow in someone's footsteps - do the same thing | идти по чьим-то следам, делать то же | Igor followed in his father's footsteps, he became a doctor, too. |
| foot in the door - a special opportunity for a job | получить шанс на работу | Nina got a foot in the door because her friend works in that company. |
| foot the bill - pay the bill | заплатить по счету | Her father footed the bill for the party. |
| for good - forever | навсегда | After her death, he left town for good. |
| for the time being - at this time | на данное время | For the time being, this house is all right for us. |
| frame of mind - mental state | умонастроение | I can't do it in this frame of mind. |
| from A to Z - completely | от начала до конца | He knows this town from A to Z. |
| from now on - now and in the future | впредь | From now on, I forbid you to go there. |
| get a grip on oneself - take control of one's feelings | контролировать свои чувства | Stop crying! Get a grip on yourself! |
| get along with - have good relations | быть в хороших отношениях, ладить | Ann gets along with most coworkers, but doesn't get along with Laura. |
| get away with - not be caught after doing wrong | уйти от наказания | The police didn't find the thief. He got away with his crime. |
| get carried away - get too excited and enthusiastic about something | слишком увлечься чем-то | He got carried away with opening a store and lost most of his money. |
| get cold feet - be afraid to do | побояться сделать | I wanted to try it but got cold feet. |
| get even with - have one's revenge | расквитаться с кем-то | I'll get even with him for everything! |
| get in touch with - contact | связаться с кем-то | Get in touch with Mr. Smith for help. |
| get lost - lose one's way | потерять дорогу | She got lost in the old part of town. |
| Get lost! - Lay off! | Исчезни! | I don't want to see you again. Get lost! |
| get mixed up - get confused | перепутать | I got mixed up, went the wrong way and got lost. |
| get off one's back - leave alone | отстать от кого-то | Stop bothering me! Get off my back! |
| get on one's high horse - behave haughtily towards someone | вести себя высокомерно | Every time I ask her to help me with typing, she gets on her high horse. |
| get on (the bus, train, plane) | сесть на (транспорт) | I got on the bus on Oak Street. |
| get off (the bus, train, plane) | сойти с (транспорта) | I got off the bus at the bank. |
| get out of hand - get out of control | выйти из-под контроля | If he gets out of hand again, call me right away. |
| get over - recover after an illness or bad experience | поправиться, преодолеть что-то | I can't get over how rude he was to me. She got over her illness quite quickly. |
| get rid of - dispose of, discard | избавиться | He got rid of his old useless car. |
| get together - meet with | собираться вместе | My friends and I get together often. |
| get to the bottom - know deeply | добраться до сути | He usually gets to the bottom of things. |
| get to the point - get to the matter | дойти до сути дела | Get to the point! |
| Give me a break! - spare me | с меня хватит | Come on, stop it! Give me a break! |
| give someone a hand - help | помочь кому-то | Can you give me a hand with cooking? |
| give someone a lift /a ride - take to some place by car | подвезти кого-то | Can you give me a lift to the bank? He gave her a ride in his new Porsche. |
| give someone a piece of one's mind - criticize frankly | высказать, что на уме, критиковать | She lost my umbrella again, so I gave her a piece of my mind about her carelessness. |
| give up - stop doing something, stop trying to do something | отказаться от чего-то, прекратить попытки | I gave up smoking. I gave up trying to fix my old car. |
| go back on one’s word - break a promise | нарушить свое слово, обещание | First he said he would help me, but then he went back on his word. |
| go for it - try to do a new thing | пробовать новое дело | If I were you, I would go for it. |
| go from bad to worse - be worse | становиться все хуже | His business went from bad to worse. |
| go out - go to parties, movies | пойти развлекаться | Do he and his wife go out often? |
| go out of one's way -try very hard | очень стараться | He goes out of his way to please her. |
| go to one's head - make too proud | успех вскружил голову | His acting success went to his head. |
| go to pieces - get very upset, fall apart | сильно расстроиться | She went to pieces when she heard it. |
| go with the flow - lead quiet life | плыть по течению | She always goes with the flow. |
| grow on someone - become liked | постепенно понравиться | When she knew him more, he grew on her. |
| had better - should | лучше бы, а то… | You look ill, you'd better see a doctor. |
| have a ball - have a good time | отлично провести время | Yesterday we had a ball at the party. |
| have a bone to pick - complain or discuss something unpleasant | иметь счеты с кем-то, претензии к кому-то | Mr. Brown, I have a bone to pick with you. My mail was lost because of you. |
| have a word with someone - talk to | поговорить о чем-то | Can I have a word with you? |
| have words with someone - argue with someone about something | крупно поговорить | I had words with my coworker today because he used my computer again. |
| have it in him - have the ability | иметь нужные качества | Laura has it in her to be a good doctor. |
| have no business doing something - have no right to do | нечего вам здесь делать, быть и др. | You have no business staying here without my permission. |
| have one's back to the wall - be hard-pressed, on the defensive | быть прижатым к стене | I had no choice, I had my back to the wall. |
| have one's hands full - very busy | быть очень занятым | He has his hands full with hard work. |
| have one's heart set on something - want something very much | очень хотеть получить что-то, кого-то | She has her heart set on going to New York. He has his heart set on Betty. |
| have pull - have influence on | иметь влияние на | Does he have pull with the director? |
| (not) have the heart - (not) have the courage to do smth. unpleasant | (не) хватает духа сделать неприятное | I don't have the heart to tell him that he wasn't accepted, he'll be so unhappy. |
| high and low - everywhere | везде (искать и т.д.) | I searched high and low for my lost cat. |
| hit the nail on the head - say exactly the right thing | попасть в точку | You hit the nail on the head when you said our company needs a new director. |
| hit upon something - to discover | обнаружить ценное | They hit upon gold. I hit upon a plan. |
| hold it against someone - blame somebody for doing something | (не) держать зла на кого-то | I lost his book, but he doesn't hold it against me. |
| Hold it! - Stop! Wait! | Остановитесь/Стойте! | Hold it! I forgot my key. |
| Hold on! - Wait! | Подождите! | Hold on! I'll be back in a minute. |
| hold one's own - maintain oneself in a situation, behave as needed | постоять за себя, утвердиться в чем-то | He can hold his own in any situation. We need men who can hold their own. |
| hold up - rob using a weapon | грабить с применением оружия | This bank was held up twice last year. |
| ill at ease - uncomfortable | не по себе | She felt ill at ease because of her cheap dress. |
| in advance - well before | заранее | He told her about his plan in advance. |
| in a nutshell - in a few words | кратко, вкратце | In a nutshell, my plan is to buy land. |
| in care of someone - write to one person at the address of another | адресату по адресу другого человека (у кого остановился) | I'm staying at Tom's house. Write to me in care of Tom Gray, Chicago, Illinois. |
| in cold blood - mercilessly | хладнокровно | He killed her in cold blood. |
| in fact - actually, in reality | фактически | In fact, he works as a manager here. |
| in general - generally, generally speaking | в общем, вообще | In general, he likes to be alone. He described the place only in general. |
| in one's element - what one likes | в своей стихии | He's in his element when he's arguing. |
| in other words - using other words | другими словами | In other words, you refused to do it for her. |
| in plain English - in simple, frank terms | проще говоря | I didn't really like the concert. In plain English, the concert was terrible. |
| the ins and outs - all info about | входы и выходы | He knows the ins and outs of this business. |
| in someone's shoes - in another person's position | на месте другого, в положении другого | I'd hate to be in his shoes now. He lost his job, and his wife is in the hospital. |
| in the long run - in the end | в конечном счете | In the long run, it'll be better to buy it. |
| in the same boat - in the same situation | в таком же положении | Stop arguing with me, we're in the same boat and should help each other. |
| in the clear - free from blame | вне претензий | Pay the bill and you'll be in the clear. |
| in time (to do something) - before something begins | придти вовремя, чтобы успеть что-то сделать (до начала чего-то) | I came in time to have a cup of coffee before class. |
| it goes without saying - should be clear without words | не стоит и говорить, само собой | It goes without saying that he must pay what he owes right away. |
| It's on the tip of my tongue. | вертится на языке | His name is on the tip of my tongue. |
| it's time - should do it right away | пора | Hurry up, it's time to go. |
| It's worth it. / It's not worth it. It’s (not) worth buying, visiting, watching, etc. | оно того стоит /оно того не стоит; (не) стоит покупать, посетить, смотреть и т.д. | Watch this film, it's worth it. Don't buy this coat, it is not worth it. This museum is worth visiting. This film is not worth watching. |
| it will do - it's enough | достаточно | Stop reading, it will do for now. |
| jump at the opportunity/chance - accept the opportunity eagerly | ухватиться за возможность | His boss mentioned a job in Europe, and Peter jumped at the opportunity. |
| just as soon - prefer this one | предпочел бы (это) | I'd just as soon stay home, I'm tired. |
| just in case - to be on the safe side | на всякий случай | Take an extra shirt, just in case. |
| Just my luck! - Bad / Hard luck! | Мне всегда не везет! | They lost my job application. Just my luck! |
| keep an eye on - take care of, watch, look after | последить за, присмотреть за | Betty keeps an eye on my sons for me. I’ll keep an eye on you! |
| keep a straight face - not to laugh | стараться не смеяться | I tried to keep a straight face, but failed. |
| keep company - accompany | составить компанию | She keeps me company quite often. |
| keep one's word - fulfill a promise | держать слово | You promised, now keep your word. |
| keep someone posted - inform | держать в курсе событий | Keep me posted about your plans. |
| keep your fingers crossed - hope that nothing will go wrong | надеяться, что все пройдет гладко | I have a job interview today. Keep your fingers crossed for me, will you? |
| kill time - fill/spend empty time | убить время | I went to the show to kill time. |
| (not) know the first thing about - not to have any knowledge about | ничего не знать по какой-то теме | I don't know the first thing about nuclear physics. |
| know the ropes - be very familiar with some business | знать все ходы и выходы | He knows all the ropes in this company. |
| last-minute notice - little or no time to prepare for something | сообщение в последний момент | His arrival was a last-minute notice, we didn't have time to prepare for it. |